Gender Violence

Gender and Violence The young woman from the military article was very courageous for coming out and telling her personal story about the rape she endured while serving In the military. I feel the word and the action of â€Å"rape† has been seen as sort of a taboo for many generations throughout the army. So many questions about gender and violence came to my mind after reading the article. One being, why must woman be afraid of losing their occupation for speaking of a vicious violent act on them?Rape, is such a violent act, which can both physically and psychologically ruin a woman forever. How can these military men shun someone who has no control over what was done to her? The ethics of the case I feel would be found in a country without a justice system. Certain measures need to be changed In order for this order to prevent this type of desensitizing behavior In the military and throughout male driven occupations. Often both abuse and violent behaviors are Internalized at a young age and further exemplified In the person's adulthood.For example, Byron Hurts mentioned In his article how stunned he was about learning the lengths that women do to protect themselves from sexual assault; and how it really evoked him to think ND want to learn about gender. After learning about the female gender issues of violence, I felt he begun to learn what respect a woman really meaner. It is interesting how him choosing to educate himself about violence and gender had a more powerful effect on him than seeing the emotional effects of verbal abuse as a child.He even mentioned how he had a special bond with his mother and seeing her emotional pain did not change his mannerisms and understanding of the proper way to treat a woman. Education may be the most powerful tool in order to prevent violent gender behaviors amongst men towards woman In the military. Many Individuals that enter the military do not have a college education which may have exposed them with some kind of background from a course about violence against women.Being said, some of these men may have grown up in an environment where abuse against a woman was okay and therefore will further exemplify the learned mannerism in the military. Education and creating programs in order to prevent these violent actions are important to erase the macho like mentality found in the military and will help men to understand that it is unacceptable to exhibit such violence against any woman. Reading the articles also made me want to wink further about some personal instances in which female family or friends have kept quiet about unwanted male behavior In the workplace.An event that came to mind was how my sister said she always tries to avoid the copy room at work because the last time she went In there a random man asked her out on a date. It Is Interesting how that small level of male Inappropriateness made my sister forever want to avoid the copy room. Comparing this to the violence against the women in the military is nothing, I can only imagine Just now terrible these woman tell trot all the negativity of an unpreventable violent act against their body.

Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away and Japaneseness Essay

Japan is a country rich in tradition and culture. Hayao Miyazaki, the face of Japanese anime film world wide, has displayed this culture and Japanese value(s) throughout his career in many of his films. Spirited Away (2001) is arguably his most famous and successful film to date. Throughout the film, there are numerous displays of â€Å"Japaneseness.† The themes present in the film represent the value structure, and what Japan sees as important among its history and tradition. Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1941. His father was an executive member of the family company, Miyazaki Aircraft, at which he helped build military aircraft parts during WWII. As a result, his family found ease with the great wealth that they shared in, which young Miyazaki was sometimes troubled by. He felt guilty for living well during a period in time where many Japanese were suffering at the hands of the war (MacWilliams and Schodt 256). He graduated university with a degree in political science and economics, which heightened his understanding of the distressed Japanese economic climate. This expertise, coupled with his childhood guilt, would lead him to write certain subject matter into many of his films. In 1985, Miyazaki joined forces with fellow anime director and writer, Isao Takahata, to create Studio Ghibli (Napier). The studio went on to produce some of the most popular animated films to come out of Japan –including Miyazaki’s masterpiece, Spirited Away. Studio Ghibli, and specifically, Mr. Miyazaki’s work, has been compared to America’s Walt Disney Studios, and has even been unofficially dubbed â€Å"Disney of Japan† and â€Å"Disney of the East† by some fans and critics. â€Å"Miyazaki’s films do not operate on Hollywood logic, and his storytelling style may seem strange, even frustrating to a Western audience brought up on Disney†¦the fantastic is more accepted in Japanese culture than it is in the Western world, which carries the heritage of the Enlightenment in its psyche† (Baskan). Miyazaki  has become the well-known face of fantastical anime film across the globe. He integrates Japanese spiritual beliefs and culture in all his films in such a way that his characters and themes surpass ethnic borders and resonate with all viewe rs. His most famous film, Spirited Away, creates a seemingly abstract view of the world through Japanese values and traditions while subtly presenting the realities of today’s world. Some common themes among the film, Spirited Away include: themes of life and death, survival, maturation, the economy and its influences, and transcendence (whether it be physically transcending a threshold, or otherwise). By showcasing these themes, Miyazaki is able to showcase the Japanese Value system. For example, there is a big presence of elders in Miyazaki films. The Japanese put a big emphasis of respecting elders. Other values, which may appear to be subtle among the Japanese, but showcase widely for the international audience, include things like taking off your shoes when entering a home, or respect for nature or the spirits. In class, we talked about the Shinto tradition and the relatedness between the spiritual, natural, and human worlds. This is very widely emphasized in Spirited Away. The entire film is based on the relation between the spirits –among themselves –and among the human world. In Spirited Away, Chihiro’s parents’ transformation into pigs is the first symbol of gluttony in the film. It can also be interpreted as the first sign of capitalism. The motif continues to appear throughout the film with the business run in the Bath House. The workers and the owner, Yubaba, are concerned only with making money. This also can translate into an attack on a capitalist society (Yoshioka 258). Japan adopted capitalism after World War II, so Hayao Miyazaki grew up in a capitalist country. Not only that, but Japan, as a country is an extremely nationalistic. These factors, combined with his college expertise in both political science and economics, can be seen throughout the film. Miyazaki uses these undertones concerning his life experiences with society, as well as his education, within many his films. â€Å"Miyazaki’s belief that all Japanese share a certain sense of past is another important focal point. The subtle blending of personal experience into historical ‘fact’ formulates a sense of past that looks and feels familiar to the audience, even though they have never experienced it† (MacWilliams and Schodt 257). One of Miyazaki’s characteristic directing techniques is his apt combinatio n of his personal experience with elements  of Japanese culture. Driving much of his work is the influence of Shintoism. This â€Å"religious† understanding of the spirits and nature in relation to humans that is distinctly Japanese in practice. Spirited Away is the perfect example of a film that illustrates this spiritual practice, albeit in a somewhat stretched manner. There’s wide use of Japanese folklore within Spirited Away. The title itself says, â€Å"Kamikakushi† meaning â€Å"hidden by entities† which, in Japan, is used when women or children go missing (Reider 8). This itself is a very mature theme, and while the film is fun to watch, it takes a deeper understanding of the content to fully appreciate it. The importance of one’s name is also a key concept in the film, and within Japanese society. In the film, to forget your given name is to forget yourself, and if you forget yourself, you become stuck in Yubaba’s control for eternity. This is how Haku found himself a servant to Yubaba for so many years. It was not until Chihiro helped Haku remember that he is the River Spirit that Haku was free at last. The film reflects the importance of identity, which is not just a Japanese concept, but a universal one, as well. Another theme of the film is that of growing up and maturing. Because Chihiro is forced to be by herself in this unknown place, she’s made to adapt and mature without much thought. To bring her to this point, it took the traumatic experience of losing her parents, the fear of never seeing them again, and —her biggest fear—not surviving. Miyazaki was well-off when he was young, so this could be a reflection of seeing people forced into early independence during the War. Only through trusting in someone who claimed to be a friend was she able to get along as well as she did, and succeed in ultimately getting her life back. Many of the other characters were based loosely off of Shinto legends. The Shinto belief is that there’s a very thin line between the spirit world and the human world, which is reflected throughout the film in the bizarre interactions between the bathhouse world and outside reality. Through the use of Hayao Miyazaki’s extensive personal experience with Japanese culture, and his education in Political Science and economics, he has been able to showcase Japanese values and traditions through his film. He is a world-ren owned writer and director, and through his work in Anime film, he has opened the eyes of the western world to this Eastern culture. My understanding of Japaneseness is the nationalistic and traditional points of view showcased throughout  Spirited Away. The idea that spirits are all around you, and encompass nature. The importance of family above all else, the emphasis on self-responsibility, and so-on. Japaneseness is not one single thing, but a compilation of many things. It is to fully take in all aspects of being Japanese. Bibliography Baskan, Funda Basak. â€Å"Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea (Gake no Ue no Ponyo).† Marvels & Tales 24.2 (2010): 363,366,368. ProQuest. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. MacWilliams, Mark W., and Frederik L. Schodt. Japanese Visual Culture : Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. : Armonk, NY, USA, 2008. Print. Napier, Susan J. â€Å"Matter Out Of Place: Carnival, Containment, And Cultural Recovery In Miyazaki’s Spirited Away.† Journal Of Japanese Studies 32.2 (2006): 287-310. Academic Search Elite. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. Reider, Noriko T. â€Å"Spirited Away: Film Of The Fantastic And Evolving Japanese Folk Symbols.† Film Criticism 29.3 (2005): 4-27. Academic Search Elite. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.

Applied Concept Paper Essay

Executive Summary The purpose of this paper is to help me to fully understand and expand my knowledge of the concepts four in our textbook. By performing research about recent business world activities, I will be able to link the terms learned in the lecture in order to get the full picture. Although I chose terms that are found in both chapter 6 and chapter 7, most of my terms come from chapter 7, which talks about corporate strategy. Our textbook Strategic Management and Business Policy textbook by Thomas L. Wheelen and J. David Hunger is a great source of information for anyone interested in learning more about business. According to our textbook, the three key issues that corporate strategy deals with are: 1. Directional Strategy – The firm’s overall orientation toward growth, stability, or retrenchment. 2. Portfolio analysis – The industries or markets in which the firm competes through its products and business units. 3. Parenting strategy – The manner in which management coordinates activities and transfers resources and cultivates capabilities among product lines and business units. From the readings, I chose the terms that I found most interesting. The concepts that I chose from my readings are acquisition, joint venture, licensing agreements, long-term contracts, and strategic alliance. After doing extensive research, I came upon recent articles that have helped me to understand the book and help me to incorporate the knowledge that I have gained in this class with the real world. In this paper I fully explain how the terms learned in the textbook relate to recent articles. Abstracts 1. Delphi Automotive closes on FCI unit acquisition, by the Associated Press, Published on Friday October 26, 2012 This article announces the completion of an acquisition deal that was announced in May of 2012 by the company Delphi Automotive. This deal was for the acquisition of FCI motorized vehicles unit, which manufactures auto connection systems. The deal cost Delphi Automotive 765 million euros ($987.5 million). Delphi Automotive has its headquarters in Troy, Michigan. It was saved by the United States Government in 2005. Since then, the company has recuperated; however, it has done so by decreasing its costs, such as, massive layoffs and downsizing its manufacturing business. With this merger, Delphi expects to increase its future earnings gain an approximate $0.24 per share. 2. Clariant AG : Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives, by Thompson Reuters ONE, Published on Friday, October 26, 2012 This article announces the joint ven ture between two well established companies: Clariant Ltd. and Wilmar International Limited. Clariant Ltd. is a specialty Chemicals Company based out of Swtizerland. It is the parent company to over 100 companies worldwide. As of December 2011, the company had an approximate 22,100 employees. Clariant specializes in growing its business by partnering or acquiring a variety of firms that will help the company maintain profitability and create a steady growth. Wilmar International Limited is a leading competitor in the agribusiness field of Asia. The company was formed in 1991 and it is based out of Singapore. Some of Wilmar’s business activities include, oil palm cultivation, oilseeds crushing, edible oils. In addition, the article goes into detail of how the companies will both benefit from this joint venture. Further detail will be discussed later in this paper. 3. Hyrax Energy and WARF enter into licensing agreement, by Bret Williams, Published on October 26, 2012. This article explains the licensing agreement deal between Hyrax Energy and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF). This licensing agreement is geared toward finding alternative fuel choices for consumers. Researchers from both Hyrax Energy and WARF have already found new technology that can be used to produce alternative clean fuels and plastic materials. Furthermore, this licensing agreement allows WARF and Hyrax Energy to commercialize the new alternative fuel and generate profits not only domestically but also in the global market in the near future. In addition, the development of this new technology shows that the economy of the United States can be affected positively with the creation of new jobs and also with increased consumer demand for clean biofuels. 4. CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015, by Business Wire, Published on October 17, 2012 This article is in regards to the extension of a long-term contract between the companies CareFirst Blue Cross Blue Shield and Healthways. The companies have been working together for a few years and they have been serving about 600,000 members. The extension of this contract signifies that together these two companies are able to partner to offer their clients better healthcare services and preventative disease solutions. CareFirst Blue Cross Blue Shield has been in business for 75 years and Healthways is a company dedicated to create healthier human beings. It also serves about 40 million customers in four continents. 5. PepsiCo and Suntory Agree to Form Strategic Beverage Alliance in Vietnam, by Pepsi Co., Published on October 22, 2012 This article discusses the strategic alliance formed by PepsiCo and Suntory Holdings Limited. This strategic alliance will help PepsiCo increase its business in Vietnam. Although both companies have both experienced success in this country, their strategic alliance will catapult both companies to new heights. PepsiCo will be in charge of marketing its strong products which include Pepsi-Cola, 7-UP, Sting, Mirinda, Tropicana Twister, Lipton and Aquafina. At the same time, Suntory will be in charge of bringing its ability to successfully meet the demands of its Asian customers. These companies have successfully worked in the past in other countries, such as, the United States, Japan, and New Zealand. PepsiCo has been able to grow in the Vietnamese market since entering it in 1994. For Suntory, it is hoping to achieve one of its long-range plans, which is to expand in to Vietnam. Concepts 1. Acquisition According to Wheelen and Hunger an acquisition is a growth strategy that occurs when a company absorbs another (usually smaller) company as an operating subsidiary or division of the acquiring corporation. Acquisitions usually take place with companies of different sizes and they can be hostile or friendly. Acquisitions can also be a good way to grow into an international market. For example, a domestic company can purchase another company that is already established and operating in a different country. This benefits the purchasing company by reducing the amount of time and money it needs to spend on acquiring documentation to enter into such country. 2. Joint Venture A joint venture is one type of horizontal growth strategy that companies use in order to penetrate international markets. This usually takes place between a domestic company and a foreign corporation. Joint ventures are created when companies wish to combine their resources in order to create new products and/or technologies. Joint ventures can be made among companies or companies with a government agency. By forming a joint venture, companies usually save themselves the possibility of expropriation in a new country by its government. In addition, a joint venture can also help companies penetrate countries that do not allow foreign vendors. (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012) . 3. Licensing agreements A licensing agreement is another growth strategy that companies use in order to increase their profitability. According to Wheelen, under a licensing agreement, the licensing firm grants rights to another firm in the host country to produce and/or sell a certain product. The licensee pays the licensing firm in return for technical expertise. This strategy is particularly beneficial when the licensing company is well-established but lacks the resources to enter a new market in a different country. 4. Long-term contracts According to our textbook, long-term contracts are a type of vertical integration strategy by the formation of agreements between two firms to provide agreed-upon goods and services to each other for a specified period of time. In order to be considered a type of vertical integration, long-term contracts must specify that the contract is mutually exclusive and that neither firm can enter into the same or a similar contract with a third party. 5. Strategic Alliance Long-term cooperative arrangements between two or more independent firms or business units that engage in business activities for mutual economic gain. In order to keep up with the continuing growth and demand from consumers, strategic alliances have become a part of modern business. The length of strategic alliances may vary from a few months to a few years. Although companies benefit mutually from these alliances, conflicts often arise over the companies’ objectives and control issues. This conflict therefore leads for about 50% of strategic alliances to fail in both domestic and international markets (Wheelen & Hunger, 2012). Analysis 1. Acquisition In the article â€Å"Delphi Automotive closes on FCI unit acquisition,† I learned how an actual acquisition takes place in the business world. One company, in this case Delphi Automotive, which is larger than FCI Group, acquired and completely absorbed FCI Group’s motorized vehicle unit. This friendly takeover will allow Delphi to expand its global reach and its ability to make electronic connectors for vehicles. In addition, this acquisition will also help Delphi Automotive increase its earnings per share in the coming year. 2. Joint Venture In the article â€Å"Clariant AG: Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives,† we see an example of a joint venture. From our textbook we have learned that a joint venture is a type of international entry option for horizontal growth of a company. Both Clariant and Wilmar are well established companies. With the formation of this joint venture, they will influence each other with each company’s individual strengths in order to increase their growth opportunites. Furthermore, the benefits that Clariant will bring to the joint venture are: â€Å"its Industrial & Consumer Specialties (ICS) Business Unit’s sales activities of relevant amines and defined derivatives to the joint venture as well as its amines plant in Germany and production output from its amines plant in Brazil.† At the same time, Wilmar will contribute the venture with the use of its plant in China and also the company’s expertise in oleochemicals and renewable raw materials. The article ends by stating the following: â€Å"Due to its strong roots in Asia combined with plans to expand the business globally, Wilmar is an excellent partner for Clariant to support our customer base in all parts of the world†, said Michael Willome, Head of Business Unit ICS. 3. Licensing agreements This article explains that the companies Hyrax Energy and WARF have entered into a licensing agreement. According to our textbook, companies enter into licensing agreements both domestically and internationally. In this case, the licensing agreement is domestically. Hyrax is a company that emerged from Department of Energy funded Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center (GLBRC) and has now entered into a licensing agreement with Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) (Hyrax Energy, Inc., 2012). Hyrax’s strategy is to be able to use the latest technologies in order to develop alternative biofuels. In addition, Hyrax hopes that the licensing agreement helps it commercialize its biofuels in the United States and with the long term goal of expansion into the global markets. 4. Long-term contracts According to the article â€Å"CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015,† the companies mentioned decided to extend their already prosperous long-term contract. This was an agreement previously made by both firms. This allowed them to provide each company’s goods and services to their customers. This way, the companies are successful at reaching more customers and providing better services while reducing their costs. Since the cost of healthcare is rising, the companies are interested in offering preventative solutions in order to minimize future high healthcare costs. Although our book states that recently, companies have moved away from long-term contracts, which is a form of vertical growth strategy, in this case both companies benefit from having contracts since they offer different services to their customers, however, such services complement one another. CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield offers health insurance while Healthways offers its consumers preventative ways to stay healthy and thus helps keep the costs minimum for CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield . 5. Strategic Alliance In the article, â€Å"PepsiCo and Suntory Agree to Form Strategic Beverage Alliance in Vietnam,† we learn how two successful companies decide to join their resources to form a strategic alliance in order to gain market share and mutual economic gain. This strategic alliance will help PepsiCo build on its current position in the Vietnam market, while utilizing Suntory’s strong brands and recognizable ability to cater to the Asian market. The strategic alliance by these two companies in Vietnam is expected to have a positive effect for both companies and will help them increase their profits. Alone each company is already successful; however, together they expect to grow their business exponentially. Conclusion Research and reading the book have taught me to better understand strategies and different techniques that companies use in order to expand their businesses. Companies are in business to create profits; they do this by thinking outside the box. Through the articles, I learned that a variety of companies in today’s market are constantly searching for ways to succeed. In addition, they must seek new ventures in order to enter both domestic and international markets. Where companies choose to join their competitors in a strategic alliance, or a joint venture, long-term contract, or simply by signing a licensing agreement, these are good options for companies to try in order to succeed in the market and avoid a potential acquisition by their biggest competitor. References Associated Press. (2012, October 26). News. Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance.yahoo.com/news/delphi-automotive-closes-fci-unit-123219090.html Business Wire. (2012, October 17). CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Healthways Announce Extension of Contract for Disease Management Services Through 2015. Rock Hill, South Carolina, Unite States. Hyrax Energy, Inc. (2012, October 27). About. Retrieved from Hyrax Energy: http://hyraxenergy.com/ Pepsi Co., I. (2012, October 22). Media – Press Release. Retrieved from Pepsico: http://www.pepsico.com/PressRelease/PepsiCo-and-Suntory-Agree-to-Form-Strategic-Beverage-Alliance-in-Vietnam10222012.html Press Release. (2012, October 26). Clariant AG : Clariant and Wilmar establish Joint Venture for amines and selected amines derivatives. Muttenz, Singapore. Wheelen, T., & Hunger, D. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy Toward Global Sustainability. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Williams, B. (2012, October 26). Alte rnative Energy. Retrieved from Hydrogen Fuel News: http://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/hyrax-energy-and-warf-enter-into-licensing-agreement/856496/

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Business Environment - Essay Example (i) Political factors: These factors include but not limited to political and legal structures, political alliances, foreign trade legislation, trade union power, pressure groups, taxation policies, legislature structures, employment legislation and monopoly restrictions. (ii) Economic factors: These involve inflation rates, money supply, business cycles, trading blocks, the nature and bases of competition domestically and internationally, investment level and unemployment. (iv) Technological factors: These factors include but not limited to the level and focuses of government and industrial R&D expenditure, speed of technology transfer, technological shifts, the direction of technological transfer, the costs of technology and product lifecycles. Tesco is Britain’s largest retailer of grocery, clothing, consumer electronics, and operates general merchandising chain. It commands a greater share of UK market in both food and non-food categories (Humby, Hunt & Phillips 2007, p.1). Even though Tesco enjoys great patronage because of its high customer loyalty, the current financial crisis is indirectly affecting Tesco’s business activities in the following ways: (i) Economic effects: The economy in UK has resulted in many workers being laid off. As the level of unemployment rises, those in that population automatically lost their purchasing ability; because they have no money to order from Tesco stores. It has been reported that UK is currently in economic recession, like every other Western European economy; what this circumstance signifies is that people tend to cut back on their expenses. This attitude could rob Tesco of continuous in-flow of capital that is needed to keep the company operating. As banks face a crisis that see their customers’ deposits dwindled over the past months, Tesco will increasingly find it difficult to secure loans as operating capital to sustain its business activities. Worse still, the

Comparative Economic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparative Economic - Research Paper Example The impact of change in oil prices is directly linked to all countries in the world and since the selected countries are major players in the market, their economic conditions dictate oil prices in international markets, hence have an indirect impact on the entire world. The purpose of this research is to study the general economic and environmental conditions of various countries in a specific region having similar geographical boundaries, in order to identify and compare the effects of similar economic factors on these countries. 'The Sultanate of Oman is situated on the southeast corner of the Arabian Peninsula and is located between Latitudes 16 40' and 26 20' North and Longitudes 51 50' and 59 40' East' (Oman Ministry of Tourism, n.d.). Oman controls a small area on Musandam Peninsula which is linked to Strait of Hormuz. Due to its position at the mouth of Guld, the country has a significant strategic importance (ArabNet, n.d.). Oman's coastline is almost 1,300 miles long. Total area is 212,460 km2. The climate is hot and dry with average temperature from 64 to 93 degrees Fahrenheit. Increase in soil salinity and lack of fresh water are the worrying factors for government. Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula having borders with Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, UAE and Yemen. It has Persian Gulf to its northeast and Red Sea to its west. The total area of Saudi Arabia is 2,149,690 km2, which is almost 10 times greater than Oman. Most of the area is desert, hence extreme temperatures are observed. Desertification, depletion of water resources, and coastal pollution from oil spills are major concerns for the country. Desalination plants have been installed to take care of water shortage issue (CIA World Fact Book, 2007). UAE is situated in the southeast of Arabian Peninsula and has a total area of 83,600 km2, least of the three countries. Like Saudi Arabia, most part of the country is desert, hence extreme temperatures are witnessed. Lack of natural fresh water resources, desertification, and beach pollution from oil spills are some of the major issues that the country faces, similar to Saudi Arabia. 4. People As per July 2006 estimates, the total population of Oman is 3,102,229 with almost 577,000 expatriates working as non-nationals. In contrast to this, the combined population of the seven states of UAE is 2,602,713, as per 2006 estimates. This shows that UAE is more densely populated as compared to Oman, due to relatively higher population living in lesser total area. Saudi Arabia is the most heavily populated of the three with total population of 27,019,273 as per 2006 estimates (CIA Fact Book, 2007). The population growth rate is highest for Oman, and is 3.28%. UAE has the least growth rate of the group with only 1.52% increase in population per year. Population growth rate for Saudi Arabia is 2.18%. In Oman, 75% of the population in Ibadhi Muslims, and the rest of 25% include Sunni Muslims, Shi'a Muslims and Hindus. Similarly, UAE has 96% Muslim residents (including 16% Shi'a Muslims), others include Hindus and Christians. Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that has 100% Muslim population. The official language of Oman is Arabic, but Eglish, Baluchi, Urdu and Hindi is also spoken. The national language of UAE is also Arabic but since a large portion of population is non-Arabic, hence English, Persian, Urdu and Hindi

Personal reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal reflection - Essay Example of group socialization are products of group rules and norms, where norms are more dynamic, hidden, and forceful than rules in influencing groupthink and conflict management. The paper proceeds to definitions of concepts. Group socialization refers to the social process and influences by which new members and old members become used to one another (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.153). The phases of group socialization are antecedent, anticipatory, encounter, assimilation, and exit phases. Groupthink refers to the quick way of group thinking mode, as members engage in concurrence or conformity which becomes dominant because of in-group cohesiveness that overrides the evaluation of alternative courses of action (Janis, 1972, p.158). Group rules are statements that guide members on how they may, or, should behave, which may be expressed in writing or informally, such as what happens for group norms (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.154). Group norms are unspoken formal rules that peer pressure implements and which affect the actions of group members (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.154). Norms also reflect cultural beliefs that are connected to what is considered as acceptab le or unacceptable behaviors (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.154). Conflict is defined as the manifested struggles among interdependent members that happen due to differences in perceptions of and implementation of goals and other sources of disagreements (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.305). From these definitions, group members, because of their interdependence and because they are human beings with individual and social differences, are bound by group goals, but can be divided by groupthink and conflict. The theory regarding the process of group socialization is criticized next. Group socialization starts with the antecedent phase, where members’ characteristics, listening styles, cultural differences, and feelings about group responsibilities shape throughput and output variables (Galanes, & Adams, 2006, p.154).

Portfolio management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Portfolio management - Essay Example It is due to the effective fiscal policy that it has been included among countries that are yielding increased business practices in the shortest span. Most recently, the Qatari economic policymakers have served their vision in bringing foreign investment at home because they aim to expand their technological and engineering practices as well. On comparison, the picture of effective economic boom in Qatar was unexpected in 2009. It was merely because there were increased cut in the prices of oil. Therefore, it was difficult for Qatari lawmakers to come up with policies that would have resulted in increase exchange rates. However, in 2014, there are more than 46 technological and engineering projects that are expected to be completed within next 10 years (Books LLC). As per the statistical reporting, it has been noted that Qatar is considerably the 30th freest economy in the index of 2014. In particular, the economic score of Qatar is marked 71.2. This measure of economic freedom is not just limited to labor freedom but monetary freedom as well. Overall growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) of Qatari economy is noted to be more than 6.8% in 2013. In other words, it can be said that the difference noted in the GDP of Qatari economy was marked to be 8%. As per the policymakers, the increase in the GDP was possible because of change in natural gas and oil that allowed the country to make effective use of its reserve (International Business Publications). Talking about the inflation rate of the country, it was expected that the country’s inflation rate would increase up to 3.6% where it was marked less than 2% in 2012. As per economic analysis of 2013, it was noted that the inflation rate would remain stagnant. Herein, it is imperative to note that increase in the rate of inflation is supposedly affecting the consumer prices. As noted above, the major contributor of the economic development of Qatar is

Homosexuality in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Homosexuality in China - Research Paper Example As a result, there is a possibility that the number of such relationships may be increasing in the country. In recognition of this fact, this paper will examine the issue of homosexuality in China. This will be done with a close reference to the short story "The Bridegroom" by Ha Jin. The story is about a strange marriage between Beina and Baowen Huang who unexpectedly proposes to her to the shock of everyone who did not expect such a handsome young man would think of marrying her despite her â€Å"stocky and stout† figure as her guardian and the narrator describes (p 472). However, as months go by in their marriage, there are no signs of her having a child. It is only after eight months that Beina’s guardian discovers that her daughter married a man with homosexual orientations without feelings for women. It is also surprising that her daughter was seemingly comfortable with this situation. From this story, we are able to discover that homosexuality was an ancient practice in China but because of various issues, the men and women involved did not come out openly with it. One of the major challenges that the gay society faced in the story by Jin is that of a legal perspective towards their sexual orientation as will be discussed below. The legal environment was not favorable for the survival of the homosexuals. It is even to the surprise of the family members of Beina when it is discovered that Baowen and his â€Å"Buddies† were meeting at night in a club (Jin 474). The fear by the men or members of the gay community in the country to come out in the open was founded on the fact that they knew that their practice had legal implications. As a matter of fact, when the inspector of police in the story breaks the news of arrest to the families of the men in the story, he talks of sentencing the men â€Å"from six months to five years...†

Managing Organizational Change Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Organizational Change - Term Paper Example It also offers a basis of evaluating the role of leadership and other change agent in the chance process (Kezar, 2001). An organization in the Financial/Banking Industry derives benefits due to roles played by people in the organization and their attitudes to the change process, especially in condition where there are cases of resistance. Nevertheless, this paper will focus on exploring the organizational change in the Financial/Banking Industry, through a description of management theory and system practices used in the organizations. Organization change is defines as a form of evolution that takes place though a life cycle, without which, the organization would not be able to develop or grow properly. Therefore, the growth calls for an organization to undergo a substantial change in different points of a development process. Influence of change is substantial to employees, organization and transformation, which is at the purpose of both employees and organization like a decision to terminate a section of business. However, the decision is at the best interests of the organization in their long-term objective, but consequences of that closure can have an adverse impact on employees involved, since they will be faced with problems of unemployment. In fact, the impact of the changes on the organization and employees, and the possible alternatives of dealing with the changes is a substantial issue that needs addressing. Background Organization change requires a change agent who refers to person that perpetrates the act or develops a process through which things in the organization become different (Shankar, 2013). For instance, a change occurs in situation, which members of an organization adapt or fail to adapt to dynamic environment, which is considered as a way of sustaining their competitive advantage through flexibility (Shankar, 2013). The role of being a change agent can be undertaken by a HR manager in an organization by implementing organizational change , through a demonstration unique versatility and wide range of skills (Stagl, 2011). The HR manager fostering change in the organization focuses on implementation or execution of activities that deal with employees’ behavior and attitude (Stagl, 2011). Therefore, as a change agent he or she focuses on identifying cues that impede change and the step that can be taken to eliminate these obstacles. There are other benefits that involve ability to forecast and identify need for change and this serves as a significant contributor that enables the organization to succeed and survive in adverse business environment (Kezar, 2001). Research techniques in the evaluation process offer a basis of applying literature critiquing teleological model, which are dominant model within the literature; in fact, they are evaluated in terms of their relevance for given forms of changes, which are proven by numerous studies (Shani, Pasmore & Woodman, 2011). Research techniques in the process of eva luating organization change offers recommendations on ways of challenging potential barriers to change, thereby setting principles that can be applied by leaders to establish a new

Electronic Commerce Essay Example for Free

Electronic Commerce Essay Introduction: E-Commerce is basically using the Internet to either buy or sell goods and it has been revolutionizing the way business is controlled. In recent times Internet has evolved so huge it has lead to development of lots of new web based technologies one of them, which is most used, is E-Commerce [1]. Online shopping is an example for the most used forms of e-commerce, which companies like Amazon or eBay offer. E-Commerce in Modern Business: Nowadays businesses that do not have an EC model have started adapting automating all the manual operations overriding it by e-commerce, since every person would want to save time and money, and these 2 factors are very important in a person’s life. Consider a person who wants to purchase a laptop, he does need to go to a store physically to buy it, he can buy it online within minutes, the laptop company would already have an online shopping website, the person can just browse for available laptops which contains all the information regarding the product right from color, weight, configuration, hardware and software’s, best part is he can also change the configuration online as he wants. Few companies offering online shopping are Dell, Apple, Hewlett Packard, Lenovo and many more. EC gives the people the added advantage to compare various products with one-click, they can either buy or sell their products. Usually sometimes people might not find all the brands in one particular store and now since EC has evolved to an extent where most of the brands offer online shopping a person is not limited to a geography and also M-commerce which is basically using wireless devices or handheld devices to do online transactions. M-commerce has been growing exponentially over the years. Smartphones is the new trend, people started creating Apps for their business, which can be accessed through mobiles, everyone can easily use the App on their smartphone to buy food, clothes, book flight/train/bus/cab etc. It is more  like people can buy anything from the device on the go if they have Internet [1]. E-Commerce in Social Media: Social media has really changed the way we communicate it has replaced all the old age types of communications like writing post cards or letters. Internet has a big role in this change; people use social platforms like Messages, Watsapp, Twitter, YouTube or Facebook for communicating. Many people have still have a doubt how would social media increase the sales of a business. It is simple since almost everyone uses some kind of social networking platform for communicating; these platforms really bring awareness, they showcase daily deals as advertisements, people can keep a tab on the latest products releasing from a brand, business use celebrities to endorse their brands, customers can directly interact on these platforms with others and can discuss the plus or minus of a product or a service [2]. So businesses can setup up an advertisement on a website or social platform to promote their product. Feature for a person or business to promote a product or service ranging from 5$ per day to 100$ per day, based on the payment the audience for the advertisements will be higher. Most of the social networking platforms make money through advertisements. LinkedIn one more social platform for professionals where people from various companies meet and greet each other, participate in technical or non-technical discussions, but one feature where e-commerce is involved in LinkedIn is, it offers a premium profile for users in which a person will have access to apply for more number of jobs and recruiters have full access to post a new job, search for people who need a job or who are considering a job change. This way EC has a very important role in social media too. International Barriers for Success of EC: 3 International Barriers to EC which and their role in EC’s success, one of them is no limitation to Geography. In an e-commerce model when the website  offers shipping to not only domestic places but also internationally, it really helps increase the revenue [3]. Consider a product like Cordless Warming Tray, which is available in America but not available in countries like India, so if anyone wants it, buying the product is easy, any person can purchase the item online through Amazon and enter his/her international address for shipping. E-commerce websites also offer an option for faster shipping if the person needs a product immediately for which the person should pay a little more for the shipping costs. Business are now seeing the opportunities in international markets and have started their business setup’s in those countries, like Amazon did in India recently investing 2 Billions dollars and Uber too a cab service business which is based out of America also started its business in India and few other countries. Success of EC can be calculated here by the increase in revenue from international markets. Only few companies are offering this kind of non-limitation to geography like Amazon, Barnes and Noble etc. Organizations that only offer shipping fewer countries include The Limited, J-Crew and few others. Second type of international barrier is language, considering most of them speak English there might be a section of people who do not speak, read or write English. So to offer e-commerce for those people or to those areas/countries e-commerce websites started adapting their software or website in such a way that a user who has no knowledge of English would be able to search for any product he wants without the need to type in English, he would be able to do it in his own mother tongue and the price of the product is shown in various currencies which would help buyers to easily compare the price. In this type of barrier the number of users base for each company increases which ultimately increases the revenue too. Since now EC model would not only have customers from places who speak, read or write English but also from places where they can use their local language to buy or sell goods, this is very healthy in the EC model. Third type of barrier is for a successful EC model is Legal battle and Infrastructure, as we talked about no limitations to geography and language, so when a company sets up a EC model in different countries the first and foremost thing they will need to comply with is the legal rules of that particular country. Following the rules and regulations legally would really help a company offering EC to run their business smoothly without any issues or hiccups. There have been lots of issues for few companies offering EC in various countries, consider Facebook which is a most used social platform all over the world had to fight for legality issues in few countries since people’s information was visible for everyone. One more example would be Google Earth, which faced a lot of criticism and legal issues and is now banned in India, since it was very helpful for some organizations, which are under the radar of military forces. There are success stories like Amazon, EBay and many more who have been successfully doing their business in different countries. These companies have setup their websites domain separately for each country. Like www.amazon.com is used globally, www.amazon.au is used in Australia, www.amazon.in is used in India, these sites have their own infrastructure setup to control the load of users. Since EC systems should be available 24*7 for them to gain the users reliability and confidence also because users are all across the globe they cannot afford to lose business, they need to have their website up and running all the time. To establish that they need to have heavy configurations, storage and network bandwidths and a team of technical experts who would have the capability to stop hackers from attacking their websites and access risk management techniques well before anything unusual happens. To sum up EC has been growing and will be growing exponentially in today’s and tomorrow’s business, since the ease of doing business has become very easy and as discussed time and money are important which can be saved from EC. Social media the main way of communicating with each other has also benefited from EC in a big way, since billions of users use this platform the revenue generated from the social media advertisements has made some of the start up companies like Google and Facebook to grow from a small scale companies to one of the biggest branded company and revenue generating companies all over the world. The international barriers have also as discussed added up to the success of EC. There might be limitations to EC like security issues and protecting the website or software from hackers but  it all depends on the organization on who attentive they are, how good their staff is in preventing such kind of attacks from happening. REFERENCES: [1] Turban, E, King, D (2012). Electronic commerce 2012: A managerial and social networks perspective, (7th ed.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. [2] R. T. Wigand, (1997), â€Å"Electronic commerce: Definition, theory, and context,† The Information Society, vol.13, no. 1, pp. 1–10, New York, USA. [3] Farhoomand, AF; Tuunainen, VK; Yee, LW, (2000), â€Å"Barriers to global electronic Commerce: A cross-country study of Hong Kong and Finland, vol. 10 n. 1, p. 1-40, Hong Kong.

the westphalian system is a temporary and western phenomenon. accept or refute

the westphalian system is a temporary and western phenomenon. accept or refute The westphalian system emerged from the signing of the Peace of Westphalia, two peace treaties of Osnabruck and Munster, in 1648. The westphalian system refers to the modern international system of states which exist today. Although many scholars date the modern nation state from 1648 and the treaty of Westphalia, the state as it existed in the 17thc was the result of the processes that had been occurring for over 500 yrs prior to Westphalia. From 1450-1650, the combination and interaction of political, economic, technological and religious factors brought about the shift to the modern state system. For hundreds of years before this period, Europe consisted of a complex system of feudal entities. During the 5thc the Roman Empire disintegrated and only a very basic level of organisation remained. By the 11thc the system in place was based on feudal relationships and involved very little interaction with the rest of the world. At the geographical and political centre of the European system was the Holy Roman Empire. Within this system, the principle of authority was hierarchical, but the ability of those at the top of the hierarchy to exercise their authority over large territories was limited. The 15th and 16th centuries were characterised by the gradual growth of monarchical power and influence. As monarchs struggled against the feudal nobility in their efforts to expand, centralise, and consolidate their control over territory, they needed economic and military resources. During this period manufacturing, trade and communication had become increasingly concentrated, resulting in the growth of cities and towns. Eventually a money economy developed and replaced the system of barter that was characteristic of feudal exchange. Each town came to represent a larger regional economy and a newly found merchant class began to emerge who desired continual growth and expansion of these regional economies. This expansion required security and order, an authority to provide for roads and communication and to further reduce the barriers to economic expansion. European politics during this period was about nobles and princes, and if the monarchy wanted to challenge the military power of the nobility they needed to raise their own mass armies. To raise and support these armies elaborate bureaucracies evolved to extract resources in the form of taxes, and to administer military camps and hospitals. In this expansion of bureaucracy the origins of the formal administrative institutions that now characterise the modern state can be seen. This period saw the rapid development and use of military technology that also made possible European expansion to the rest of the globe. The continual rivalries and wars between kings and nobles pushed each to find some advantage in arms or wealth and led to rapid technological and scientific innovations. All of these factors promoted a European expansion, which in turn provided another source of wealth for the European states. In 1918 the 30 year war began and didnt end until the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. This year is usually marked as the birth of the modern state system and therefore referred to as the westphalian state system. The westphalian state has several key principles: 1. State sovereignty and the fundamental right of political self determination. 2. The principle of non intervention of one state in the internal affairs of another. 3. Territorial boundaries: integrity and inviolability of states territory 4. Collective security of this system balance of power The westphalian state as recognised by the peace of Westphalia has not remained unthreatened. Globalisation and NGOs have posed huge challenges to this traditional way of viewing the state system and this essay will explore some of these challenges and. One of the major challenges to the westphalian state system over recent years has been the process of globalisation whereby economic, political and socio-cultural transactions are less and less constrained by national boundaries and the sovereign authority of national governments. Two important processes are driving globalisation: 1. The continuing advancement of technology enabling the transnational movement of goods, people and ideas to become much easier. 2. National governments are less and less willing to exercise control over goods, people and ideas across their borders, therefore governments have become more inclined to surrender some of the control over cross-border transactions they once exercised by virtue of sovereign authority. Interdependence has been at the root of globalisation, with extensive new webs of interdependence creating a truly global system. As colonial empires dismantled and technology improved, fast changes towards globalisation occurred and interdependence rapidly increased. Globalisation has meant that national boundaries have become less and less relevant. Many scholars feel that continuing to view the world in terms of the traditional westphalian logic is not very useful due to contemporary interdependencies. They believe that these ideas are now outdated and a new and more modern approach which is more applicable to the world today should be adopted by governments. Globalisation is the increasing movement of goods, information and ideas across national boundaries without significant direct participation and control by high level governmental actors. This involves heavy participation by various non-state actors, in particular NGOs. Rosenau points out that NGOs are changing societal norms, challenging national governments, and linking up with counterparts in powerful transnational alliances. And they are muscling their way into high politics, such as arms control, banking, and trade that were previously dominated by the state This view calls into question the importance of sovereignty and national boundaries. Each state has become so permeable and open to outside influences therefore domestic and international politics are becoming indistinguishable. Some observers even argue that there is no neat hierarchical pattern of influence and authority therefore states are not necessarily the most powerful actors. These actors seek autonomy of action from states; therefore interdependence generates a new set of problems and demands on those with sovereign authority. Westphalian system is temporary as National economies are now increasingly interdependent. 1. Since ww2 international trade has consistently outpaced global production and almost all national economies have become more dependent on trade. 2. Growth in interdependence in financial flow 3. Multi-national corporations are responsible for the growth in foreign investment global economy is therefore becoming integrated. 4. More countries are adopting free-market approaches to economic development 5. Signing of international treaties on trade, foreign investment, currency convertibility Globalisation and the growth of transnational interactions in post the ww2 era has presented the sovereign state with new problems and challenges. What are these challenges? Can summarise using the three elements of keohane and nyes concept of complex interdependence. In the course of the 20th century, the Westphalian state system in Europe has gone global. Nations subjected to European imperialismà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬or rather, in most cases, Europeanized elites within those nationsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬have aspired to the form of Europes sovereign nation-states, and have achieved ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬or rather, in many cases, have haplessly inherited it from colonial masters who lost the will to govern them. Ex-colonies tended to be extremely sensitive to anything that resembled imperialism in the years immediately after independence, and many protected their economic sovereignty by pursuing autarky, though more recently this trend has reversed. International organizations for example the UN, treaties, and economic globalization, have all begun to subtly constrain the states freedom of action, and therefore has eroded their jurisdiction from above. It must be pointed out here that jurisdictional boundaries make neither borders nor sovereignty. All polities are subdivided into smaller units for administrative purposes to some extent. These subdivisions imply jurisdictions with discrete boundaries. In federal systems, the subdivisions have some degree of autonomy themselves, in the sense that they have discretion in certain areas and cannot be over-ridden by the centre. Yet federal units are considered part of the federation and not separate sovereignties. Ever since the founding of the UN there have been restrictions on states sovereignty from above, on their right to engage in aggression against their neighbours for example. In the course of time, countries have signed up to more and more treaties which prevent them from, say, testing nuclear weapons, or abusing the rights of children. The UN and international treaties are notoriously weak, but they still create a conceptual puzzle: what is the difference between a sovereign polity which abrogates certain rights by international treaty and a federal unit which abrogates certain rights in favour of a federal government. This question is as old as the United Nations, as the name of the United Nations suggests; the UN embodies an aspiration towards some sort of world federation. Treaties mainly formed by the west but has most effect on developing nations. This is a shift towards a new regulatory state and fragmentation that challenges the traditional westphalian frame of sovereignty. New regulatory state is emerging in both developed and developing nations. With this fragmentation comes breakdown of traditional diplomatic domains and activities and also creation of new actors, new arenas and new fields of diplomatic activity all of which cut across traditional notion of Westphalian sovereignty. Shift towards fragmented state due to structural changes in global political economy. Internal sovereignty of state is being transformed by process of globalisation. The westphalian system can be considered to be a western phenomenon due to the notion of failed states. A failed state can be defined as a state considered to have failed at some of the basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government. The Fund for Peace (an independent US based non profit research and educational organisation), has characterised the failed state as follows: * loss of physical control of its territory, or of the monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force * erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions * an inability to provide reasonable public services * an inability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community These failed states generally have a central government that is so weak or ineffective that it has little or no control over its territory. Public services are not adequately provided for, there is widespread corruption and criminality, there is involuntary movement of population and there is economic decline. Since 2005 the United States think-tank, the Fund for Peace and the magazine Foreign Policy, publishes an annual index called the Failed States Index. The list only assesses sovereign states (determined by membership in the United Nations.)[3] The indexs ranks are based on twelve indicators of state vulnerability four social, two economic and six political. In 2009, of the worst 20 states, only Haiti could be considered to be a western state. All others belonged to the developing world. Such states lack legitimacy and find it difficult to exercise any control or power within their own borders. They often find themselves confronted by insurgents or rebels who are trying to overthrow them and replace the regime with a tyrannical dictatorship style of government. This may lead to neighbouring states taking advantage of the vulnerability caused by the domestic problems within a state and may therefore cause such states to collapse. Afghanistan can be taken as an example of this, when in 2001 it was invaded by the US to remove the Taliban regime. It is accepted that military action is appropriate if a state is seen to be neglecting its citizens and their basic human rights and allowing terrorist organisations to operate within its borders. This shows that states do not have the automatic rights of sovereignty and that certain obligations to the rest of the world must be upheld in line with international law. If they are found to be in conflict with international law then the result maybe military action taken by UN member states. In the majority of cases it is the developing countries which display the characteristics of failing states and it is the western nations that take action. This therefore supports the view that the westphalian system can be considered to be a western phenomenon as it is the western states which are able to exercise their rights of sovereignty the most. It has been argued that although international law exists, as long as states adhere to this they will remain free from direct intervention from other states therefore their rights to sovereignty will not be compromised. Despite this it can be seen that sovereignty remains strongest in the so called super power nations. In conclusion it can be said that the westphalian state as recognised by the peace of Westphalia has not remained unchallenged and that these challenges have shown the westphalian system to be a temporary and western phenomenon. The key principles of the westphalian nation as stated above have been threatened by globalisation in particular and this has therefore led to the One of the major challenges to the westphalian state system over recent years has been the process of globalisation whereby economic, political and socio-cultural transactions are less and less constrained by national boundaries and the sovereign authority of national governments. . Many scholars feel that continuing to view the world in terms of the traditional westphalian logic is not very useful due to contemporary interdependencies. They believe that these ideas are now outdated and a new and more modern approach which is more applicable to the world today should be adopted by governments. Globalisation is the increasing movement of goods, information and ideas across national boundaries without significant direct participation and control by high level governmental actors. This involves heavy participation by various non-state actors, in particular NGOs. International organizations for example the UN, treaties, and economic globalization, have all begun to subtly constrain the states freedom of action, and therefore has eroded their jurisdiction from above. Ever since the founding of the UN there have been restrictions on states sovereignty from above, on their right to engage in aggression against their neighbours for example. In the course of time, countries have signed up to more and more treaties which prevent them from, say, testing nuclear weapons, or abusing the rights of children. The westphalian system can be considered to be a western phenomenon due to the notion of failed states. These failed states generally have a central government that is so weak or ineffective that it has little or no control over its territory. Public services are not adequately provided for, there is widespread corruption and criminality, there is involuntary movement of population and there is economic decline. In the majority of cases it is the developing countries which display the characteristics of failing states and it is the western nations that take action. This therefore supports the view that the westphalian system can be considered to be a western phenomenon as it is the western states which are able to exercise their rights of sovereignty the most. It has been argued that although international law exists, as long as states adhere to this they will remain free from direct intervention from other states therefore their rights to sovereignty will not be compromised. Despite this it can be seen that sovereignty remains strongest in the so called super power nations.

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990s :: essays papers

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990's Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of "women's roles" continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women's experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan's, in her essay: The Way We Were - 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall's in December 1949 called "A Weekend with Daddy." A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn't want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know "what life is all about." (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women's clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction

A Critique of O. P. Dwivedis Satyagraha for Conservation: Awakening the Spirit of Hinduism :: Environment Environmental Papers

A Critique of O. P. Dwivedis Satyagraha for Conservation: Awakening the Spirit of Hinduism In his article Satyagraha for Conservation: Awakening the Spirit of Hinduism, O. P. Dwivedi argues that we must reawaken religious values if the world is going to reduce the current level of environmental degradation. He suggests that religious beliefs can serve as a crucial foundation in helping to create a self-consciously moral society which would put conservation and respect for Gods creation first, and relegate individualism, materialism, and our modern desire to dominate nature in a subordinate place. Dwivedi further argues that religion helps to make humans aware of the limits of our control. He uses the example of Hindu religious beliefs to explain how reawakening religious beliefs might create a change in attitudes toward nature. Although I agree with Dwivedis contention that religious values can serve to support environmental movements, I would argue that his article presents an overly simplistic view of the power of religion. Dwivedi fails to address the constantly changing nature of religious traditions. In addition, he does not address the fact that India (a predominantly Hindu country) is severely polluted today. I felt that Dwivedis argument was weakened by his failure to deal with these issues. As a result, I would like to explore some of the gaps in Dwivedis article. I will also deal briefly with Guhas article and the need for a reawakening of religious values to be accompanied by a simultaneous change in social and economic realities. According to Dwivedi, the Hindu religion is one of many religious traditions which support ecological preservation and respect for the Earth. He argues that many of Hinduisms basic tenets reflect the idea that humans are meant to care for their environment. Although I do not disagree that this is one interpretation of the Hindu texts, I would suggest that Hinduism (like many religions) can also be presented as encouraging human control over the earth. Yes, many of the texts do support non-violence and care for the earth but there are also some passages/texts which support violence and human control over the earth (examples include The Bhagavad-Gita and passages with the RgVeda). Overall, I would say that Dwivedis argument for the ecological consciousness of Hinduism is the more accurate interpretation of the texts. However, it is crucial to recognize that there are alternative and opposing interpretations.In his article, Dwivedi writes as if incorporating religious values into the secular world will necessarily support environmental preservation. Although it is possible that this could happen, it is also possible that religions could be used to argue the other side of the issue.

Spanish American War :: essays research papers

The Spanish and American War The Americans were brought into The Spanish and American War on February 15,1898. The Americans came into this war because a naval boat of ours called the Maine was blown up. On that boat, 327of our sailors were killed in the explosion. With this explosion, the navy used it by having a slogan ,â€Å"Remember the Maine,† to get volunteers into the navy to help fight. We though that the Spanish were to blame for blowing up our ship. But, really there was something wrong with the engine which lead to the big explosion. This was not found till they lifted the ship out of the water in 1911. When this happened many newspapers journalist {yellow journalism} took advantage of the explosion and wrote whom they thought did the explosion or who did the people want it to be. One of these newspaper tycoons was William Randolph Hearst. He took great advantages of the war and stretched the truth to the extreme. He did this just to sell more newspapers and to make money. Hearst went over in h is personal boat and took pictures in Cuba of poor and starving people there. He even captured a couple of the Spanish soldiers and turned them over to the Americans. America fought because we had big money in Cuba. All together we had over a $250 million dollars invested there with sugar and other materials that we did not what to be destroyed. We also had $100 million dollars invested in the tobacco plantations, and $50million in transportation. Our president at that time was William McCleain. He did not want to get in this war because he hated war. But when he did he decided to take some other thing that we need also. These things are the Philippines, Guam, and Portico for navel passages. On April 11,1898 McCleain gave a speech to congress for war, and they approved it. The war looked in big favor for the Spanish because they had an army of 400,000 men and we only had only 28,000 men, but this changed after congress declared war. The national guard got 1million recruits during the war, this was the highest ever. In the war there were two generals from the Civil War. These guys are William Shaft who weighed 320 pounds. He had to get a special tub and had to be hoisted up onto his horse.

Tattoos

Tattoos BY rhtanne0529 Many people Judge the outward expression of others' creativity and beauty. Though opinions of this art form have become more accepting, it is still considered taboo. Tattoos should not determine people's views or thoughts on those who have them. At one time, society thought tattoos were only for those in biker gangs or the military. Only the outcasts of society were known to partake in the taboo tradition. Actually, anyone, from a college professor to a soccer mom, can have a tattoo. The presence or absence of body art does not define the person.I have four tattoos that I decided to get for various reasons and at different times in my life. Each has a special meaning and allows me to have an outward representation of emotions I sometimes cannot voice. My tattoos are an expression of my personality, and no one should Judge me for them. I have faced adversity, even from family members, due to my tattoos and piercings. I did not take getting a tattoo lightly. I di d not walk into a random shop and point out a drawing on the wall to be inked on my skin. I talked to my parents, riends, pastor and tattoo artists before getting tattooed.I wanted my decision to be well informed so I would never regret it. Though I know I did nothing wrong, I still face people who Judge me. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said he hoped his children would not be Judged by the color of their skin but the content of the character. Though his â€Å"l Have a Dream† speech did not refer to tattoos, it advocated equality. It should not matter if someone is white, black, green or tattooed, everyone should be treated the same. People should be Judged by their character, not their appearance. It is who a person is on the inside that matters.As Christians, we are commanded not to Judge anyone, whether it is for their actions or their appearance. God will be the one to Judge me. My Father created me beautifully and loves all of me, including my tattoos. Tattoos, honestly, ar e Just as much of a way to show style and artistic value as the types of clothing worn; except, they are permanent. Until someone gets to know a person with tattoos, they should not believe any stereotype about the tattooed. We are all humans and need to show love by not Judging others' appearances.

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay

Storage Tanks are the tanks in which flammable and combustible liquids are stored. The storage tanks should be constructed of steel in case they are constructed above grounds. The non-combustible substance can be used for the construction if it is used to store a combustible liquid. The material used for the construction must be that helps the tank to be protected against the fire. In one of the storage tank fires broke out at the island of Palau Merimau, Singapore and the fire started catching tankage containing petroleum, motor gasoline and diesel product. Despite the size of fire and adverse logistics, fire fighting efforts were successful in controlling the fire. This require operational and design engineering considerations, proper fire fighting strategy, prefire and emergency response plans, fire water management and fixed/semifixed system. A permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration, pressure, required to properly operate the fire fighting equipment shall be made available as soon as combustible materials accumulate and in the same way underground waters are to be provided, installed and made available for use as early as possible at the place of fire. In case were fixed water protection system is not installed with the tank with flammable or combustible liquids the floating roof to cover on liquid which helps to protect the fire to be broke out. Most fires in this design of tank burn only at the seal and are usually easily extinguished. Tanks with floating roofs are not likely to be involved in serious fires. This is because there is far less liquid surface is exposed to the fire. When storage tanks are not equipped with fixed fire protection then it must contain a stable liquid storage at a pressure 17kPa (gauge). The tanks containing flammable liquids should be normally kept closed for protection of unless the tank is venting. Where drainage facilities are provided to drain water from dike areas, efforts should be made to prevent flammable liquids from entering into any natural resources as it constitute fire hazard. REFERENCE Referred to sites:1. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Subsection 4. 3. 1. – Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks 2. http://www. osha. gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf. html Fire Protection and Prevention DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART – Â §1926. 155 3. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Dated 4th August 2007

The Toyota Camry Hybrid And The Camry Sedan

Now a day’s the car becomes more important than needs. People now want the pretty and high quality models of new cars. The demand is increasing for new model car, so company every year make the new model cars. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan are manufactured by Toyota since 1982. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan is a Japanese car. These cars are the best-selling cars in North America and also sell in Australia very well. The Camry Hybrid and the Camry Sedan has been reshaped for 2013 and represents the seventh-generation model.The present Toyota Camry interior is very pretty than the past Camry’s, and it is the four-cylinder engine is additional powerful. On other hand, The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is understated about its fuel efficiency. It offers both impatient speeding up and great fuel economy. Camry Hybrid drives Zero to 60 in just 7. 4 seconds, it is not sports car, but it’s faster than the regular four-cylinder Camry. The Toyota Camry Hybrid a nd the Camry Sedan of 2013 is offered in XLE and LE trim levels.The LE features 16-inch steel wheels, automatic headlights, keyless ignition/entry, full power accessories, dual-zone automatic climate control, cruise control, a trip computer, a tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, Bluetooth phone and audio connectivity, a 6-inch display and a six-speaker sound system with a HD radio, CD player, , an auxiliary input, satellite radio and a USB/iPod interface. The XLE adds heated exterior mirrors, 17-inch alloy wheels, a leather-wrapped steering wheel. Three engines were presented for this generation.The first was a 2. 4-liter four-cylinder that complete 154 hp (145 with PZEV emissions controls). It was reproduced to either a five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission (four-speed prior to '05) and must be powerful sufficient for the common of buyers. A 3. 0-liter V6 that made 190 hp was also offered (18 hp less prior to '04) on the LE and XLE trim levels, while a 210-hp, 3 . 3-liter V6 (introduced for 2004) was offered on the SE model only. These six-cylinder Camry’s came by the automatic only.In preceding years, these power numbers were greater for the reason that of a change in measurement that happened in 2006, while actual output not once changed. The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is animatedly accomplished. Thanks a lot to careful suspension tuning, the position of car during driving is sticks fit to the road as well as is generally untouched by bumps and ruts. The electric-assist power steering is soft and quick turning, however it suffers from a lack of comment and some drivers might be catch its effort too graceful.

My First Part-Time Job

This is the my first part-time Job. I had learned so much from this experience. First of all, I learned how to get along with people whom you had only met for the first time. I remember this Job was back in three years ago. I was only 17 and I wanted to do something different this summer instead of Just hanging out at home. When I started looking for one, I realized finding a Job is quite difficult. Thanks to my sister who recommended me to this Japanese restaurant where she works as a manager. After a brief interview, I was accepted to fill this position.I darted to think about all kind of possibilities within this Job. Finally, my first day of work has arrived. My mom took the time and drop me off to work right on time. I was very nervous since I would have to introduce myself in front of everyone and started to learn everything. The first thing I learned was that, when customers come in, you have to say welcome. It was hard for me to say it so loud in front of people. I felt shame on myself for not doing it well. After I stand in front off mirror and practices a lot, I could say it easily. After a few weeks, things started to fall into places and I was familiar with the work.However, one accident happened, I accidentally knock over a bowl of soup on a customer. My first reaction was â€Å"Oh my god! † I was so unguarded and felt so bad. I blamed myself for not being careful. Fortunately, the customer did not get too upset; after that, I paid more attention to work. I get tipped well sometimes when I do a good Job with the help of my co-workers. I had became friends with my co-workers. When I think back, I still miss the time while working there. It was a valuable experience for me. It has taught me important lessons in my life. Hopefully, I would be able to find another Job that is as memorable as this one to me.

UK Commercial Law - Final Year Coursework Case Study

UK Commercial Law - Final Year Coursework - Case Study Example But, it is to be remembered that the law has made certain conditions to be fulfilled by the claimant which may turn to the triumph of the defendant. Before proceeding to render an advise to ITS, Firstly we shall examine the provisions of various Acts arises from this case and also we shall examine how it is wrought to help claim of ITS, the defendant. The general rule is that he purchaser of goods, which turn out to be defective, will sue in contract for breach of the terms implied by the Sale of Goods Act 1979, or the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982, which cannot be excluded against a consumer. In Donoghue v Stevenson (1) Lord Atkin stated that a manufacturer of products owes a duty to the ultimate consumer to take reasonable care in the preparation of the product. But as said above the law never is single sided correspond to the description and such goods shall be of merchantable quality.(2) This aspect is well explained in the case Varley Vs Whipp.(3) The term, "merchantable quality' means that the goods comply with the description, so that to a purchaser buying goods of that description the goods would be good tender. In Harlingdon and Leinster Enterprises Ltd v. Christopher Hull Fine Art Ltd (4) also the same point has been discussed. Moreover in Wilson v Rickett, Cockerell (5) by applying the purview of S. 14 (3) the court of Appeal held that where the seller sells goods in the course of a business and the buyer expressly or by implication makes known to the seller any particular purpose for which the goods are being bought, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract, are reasonably fit for that purpose whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied, except where the circumstances show that the buyer does not rely, or that it i s unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill and judgment of the seller. a) In the course of the buisiness In the course of a business' in the context of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 s14 (2), where it limits the statutory implication of a term as to the quality of the goods to sales where sellers are acting 'in the course of a business'. However, a requirement of merchantability was only implied if the sale was made 'in the course of a business' and that remains the case in relation to satisfactory quality By applying the scope of the phrase 'in the course of business in Stevenson v Rogers (6) it was held that the meaning to be given to the phrase 'in the course of a business' came to be considered as a preliminary matter. But there is an exception this -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.Sales of Goods Act 1979 3. Varley Vs Whipp 4. Harlingdon and Leinster Enterprise Ltd v Christopher Hull Fine Art

Managing Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managing Across Cultures - Essay Example This concept of diversity in a workforce is something experience in any organization worldwide. It is then common to find many published articles and other news articles addressing the issue of management across cultures in many organizations (Fitzgerald, 1997).I found a news article titled â€Å"Looking Another Culture in the Eye† and it had an interesting story about the Japanese culture in relation to business management and decision making. The author of the article explains how different all over the world perceive situations in different ways especially when in a work place. According to Meyer (2014), while giving a talk to managers in Japan, the author of that Japanese do not make a direct contact which other more often and it is way of life there in Japan. This culture therefore, affected the author’s communication with the group of managers and so he was not able to find out if there was any person who wanted to comment on his talk. In regards to this, it is clear that cultural diversity affects communication in several workplaces. This therefore influences the flow of information and sharing of business ideas that are important in making business decisions. There is also the case of workmates form different cultures in the article. Americans claimed that their French workmates were chaotic and always disorganized while Indian also claimed that the same persons were inadaptable (Meyer, 2014). This clearly shows the great diversity in the workforce of that particular organization. People from different cultures have their own differences based on the way they communicate, make decisions, lead, persuade and do many other things. Therefore, it is upon the members of a work force to understand and embrace each other’s cultural differences to ensure peaceful coexistences in their various workplaces. The business managerial

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 28

Economics - Essay Example An isocost line is a line showing combinations of inputs that would yield the same cost. Therefore, the word isocost implies that the cost of the given factors of production are constant along the certain activity level and thus can be used for the planning and decision making purposes. In the above figure, L denotes the amount of labor utilized by the producer and K denotes the amount of capital utilized by the producer. It is evident from the figure that along the line the cost of both of the factors of production is same and the total cost of production is also shown on the graph for different cost lines. With the help of isocost lines, most economic and cost beneficial decision can be made for getting the desired output. This graph also shows that isocost lines are the straight lines and the only different in them is that they shift up or down the graph showing the same pattern for different activity levels. These isocost lines are parallel because each reflects the same relative resource price. Given a  production function, an isoquant is "the locus of input combinations that yield the same output level." (Chiang, p. 360) There is an isoquant set for each possible output level. Mathematically the isoquant is a  level curve of the production function. Isoquants is a concept relating to the quantity of input required to produce a certain level of output. For a given level of output, there are certain levels of input of production factors that yield the same level of output. If the ratio of two or more of the factors of production is changed then the resulting yield of those input factors can be same for all of the combinations of factors. This implies that the concept of isoquant deals primarily with the cost minimization problems of producers. The above figure shows different levels of labor and capital required to produce a certain output of a particular product and the curve shows that different combinations of input resources can be made to

Characteristics of the Ideal Man and the Ideal Woman in Three Essay

Characteristics of the Ideal Man and the Ideal Woman in Three Different Cultures - Essay Example This means that the qualities that are associated with masculinity are intelligence, daring, courage, wisdom, and physical strength. Women in Muslim culture are expected to be caring, patient, considerate, kind, and obedient to their husbands. The Muslim culture holds that women are different from men in significant emotional and intellectual ways. That means that their trust of the decisions made on their behalf by male members of the family is paramount to their well being (North and Trip, 2012). In Hindu culture, men are also expected to be the primary breadwinners in the family. Jobless men are not respected as much as those who have steady jobs. Intelligence, wisdom, physical strength, virility and perseverance are qualities that are attributed to real masculinity in Hindu culture. Hindu women are expected to be caring homemakers who respect the values of their ancestors. Even though modern Hindu women are embracing working lives in increasing numbers, traits such as submissiven ess and quietness are still valued in the Hindu woman in Hindu society. The United States has more balance between the roles of men and women in society than most other cultures around the world, and so there is not much variation between how men and women are expected to behave. ... g the ‘perfect’ women in this book tend to be homemakers and daughters who remained faithful to their male relatives even when their lives were negatively affected by their sacrificial obedience. Muslim cultures revere their examples and expect their women to emulate their examples. On the other hand, the Qur’an stipulates that men have been put by â€Å"allah† in positions of authority over women. This means that women’s obedience to men is indisputable; and that any woman who does not believe this is risking her immortal soul. Muslims therefore tend to adhere to rules concerning the roles of the sexes in a more rigid fashion than is the case with other cultures (Long, 2005). In the Hindu culture, the attitudes about the roles of the sexes and the preferable traits for both sexes are influenced by the Vedas, which are the sacred texts in the Hindu religion. In the partriarchal system supported by this texts, a man’s masculinity is confirmed b y the obedience of all women in his household to his rules. If a man does not rule over his wife, then the perpetuation of the rules of the Vedas concerning the continuation of rightful authority are broken. If a daughter refuses to serve her father and brothers or a wife disobeys her husband, then the established order of communication between the male and female sex is disturbed and this disorder will be observed in other elements of nature. The importance of perpetuating these believes about the roles of both genders therefore has a religious basis, just as is the case in the Muslim cultures. In American culture, the changes that are now evident in society concerning the roles of men and women were not always there. Just a century ago, women were mainly expected to concentrate on bearing children and maintaining the

Executive Summary- Annual Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Executive Summary- Annual Marketing Plan - Essay Example To address these, a brief background on Sears Holding Corporation would be introduced prior to expounding on the executive summary, as required. The history of Sears Holding Corporation is traced in 1886 when its incorporator, Robert Sears, started selling watches for the purpose of augmenting his source of income as a station agent (Sears: Chronology, 2010, par. 1). With hard work, perseverance and innovative marketing approach, the legendary growth and ability to meet challenges in its business environment led to its continued successful existence after more than a century of serving the customers’ needs. Today, with its merger with Kmart Holdings Corporation in 2005, it is considered the â€Å"fourth largest retailer in the United States, behind Wal-Mart, The Home Depot, and Kroger (Stores.org, 2006). With the combined efforts of Kmart and Sears, the organization’s executive summary of the marketing plan for the year appears below: Sears Holding Corporation (SHC) has attained a successful profitability performance boasting of â€Å"$1.8 billion of Adjusted EBITDA, an improvement of more than $200 million over 2008† (Sears Holding Corp.: Chairman’s Letter, 2010, par. 1). With the financial success despite the global financial crisis, SHC’s five pillars of marketing strategy assisted in directing all efforts towards growth and improvement, to wit: â€Å"(1) Creating lasting relationships with customers by empowering them to manage their lives; (2) Attaining best in class productivity and efficiency; (3) Building our brands; (4) Reinventing the company continuously through technology and innovation; and (5) Reinforcing â€Å"The SHC Way† by living our values every day† (Sears Holding Corp.: Chairman’s Letter, 2010, pars. 7 – 11). For the coming year, the objectives of the company are summarized herewith: â€Å"(1) focus on new and innovative products for the Kenmore laundry business; (2) enforce leadership through heavy marketing efforts and

Toys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toys - Essay Example It is obvious that the trend in girls’ toys is to be pink and beauty related, whereas the boys’ toys are related to technology and building. It seems that toy companies nowadays make distinctions for us over which toys are suitable for girls and which for boys. However, Francis does not take into the consideration of supply and demand interaction in the market. Looking at the supply side, toy companies only produce their products that are selling in the market. Companies are the chief architects of branding, naming and choreographing the graphics that appear on the toy boxes. Children sometimes have no choice and essence their parents have to make a decision for them. Manufacturers and parents are directly responsible for the gender stereotyping experienced in the society today. It is, therefore, imperative to note that gender biased toys can be blamed both on the manufacturers and parents. In the past days, manufacturers did not take into consideration the branding style or what audience they were targeting with the toys. Everything that was in the toys represented the interests of the children of both genders. Later in the days, as Lepkowska notes, toys got different meanings altogether (Lepkowska, 1). In fact, there were some toys that were only left for the boys and the others were left for the girls. Lepkowska argues that the toys for the girls helped them manage their emotions impedance while the toys for the boys helped in improving technical skills as they advanced through the stages of adulthood. A research done to verify these claims would suggest otherwise. However, pundits have argued that the increased stereotyping by manufacturer warrants an in-depth analysis of the role of toys in gender gaps experienced in the society today (Day, 1). The manufacturers of toys are to take responsibility in the increased gender gaps with respect to their production and final delivery to the market. There are those toys that are produced that are

Events studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Events studies - Essay Example Yet, it is clear that the use of social media in the events industry results to immense benefits in advertising and efficient communication to the target customers. This research paper gives a detailed analysis of the use of social media in the events industry by looking into various studies that have been conducted across the globe. A recent study that was done by the Sheraton Hotels and Resorts revealed that most people consider social media to be an imperative aspect in their lives that they cannot do without. The same survey found an interesting fact that people are never truthful on what the post on various social media sited. This shows that there a clear line between members of the public and event companies who rely on social media to get honest feedback from their customers (Safko, 2010:15). Besides the simulated reality of social media, events bring individuals together. This is the most important duty that is performed by events professionals. The events industry is highly mobile and social and perfectly suited for various for the transformation that has taken place since the inception of Web 2. 0. Additionally, the second generation social media tools have resulted to the establishment of a better platform for promoting, communicating, collaborating and planning events. It is important to note that Web 2.0 paved the way for the social media applications that are present in the current times (Bruns, 2010:310). In spite of the fact that impact of the use of social media tools has not been fully understood, most event companies use the various social media tools. It is clear that the use of social media tools has increased in the current times. Various social media tools are used for online ticket as well as advertising. Findings from an online survey that was conducted on 1000 event organisers and promoters from various parts of the world including South America, Austria, North America, Switzerland and